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Vacuum Web Coating

Blogmaster: Dr. Charles A. Bishop

28

Working on a project of metallized poly, I had few observations and wanted your opinion.

Q1) Poly film shows strange behaviour in terms of treatment,before metallization the film had 44+ treatment, after metallizing in some cases it dropped below 34 while in some cases it retained 44+. What could be the reason?

A1) It can depend on what sort of treatment and the time between treatment and the measurement. Corona treatment may be time dependent, Additive such as slip agent can migrate to the surface and lower the surface energy, similarly unpolymerised monomer, oligomer, can also migrate to the surface lowering the surface energy. The amount migrating to the surface will depend on the time and temperature of storage.

Q2) For the same film (40 mic) metallized poly, once I achieved WVTR as low as 0.1-0.3 gm/m2/day at 2.2-2.6 OD. But didn't get such result thereafter. Which parameter could have played the trick?

A2) Barrier coatings are defect limited.  No defects will give a perfect barrier. Statistically you will get the occasional very good and very bad performance and most will lie somewhere between the two.

Q3) For the same OD can there be any drastic difference in WVTR value? Coz my observations were like that.

A3) Optical density only tells how much metal is between the light and detector. It gives no measure of the nucleation density, crystal size, roughness or porosity or defect density.  Barrier measurements give an indication of level of defects bt not of the coating thickness.

Q4) What role the chilled drum plays as far as deposition is concerned, I mean should there be any change in deposition/metal adhesion or WVTR if i keep the chiller once at -2 deg C & other time at -20 deg C.

A4) The temperature of the deposition drum can have a small effect of crystal size but more importantly can affect the peak temperature during deposition. The peak temperature can be a source of film relaxation which can result in a dimensional change. These dimensional changes, or not, can affect the defect size or cracking associated with defects and so can affect the barrier performance.

Q5) I increased OD to 5 & compared with another sample with OD 2.5, both gave almost same WVTR value? What should I conclude?

A5)  The barrier performance is controlled by the defect density.  Adding more metal does not change the number of defects and so the barrier performance can stay almost the same for very different thickness coatings.

Posted in: Process

Comments

#35 CHRISTANTI MURTININGRUM
Wednesday, November 03, 2010 7:22 AM
Dear Dr. Bishop,
We do metallizing on LLDPE50 film, it is splashing during metallization. Please advise the possible of this problem ?.

Thank you.

Best regards,

Christanti
#36 Charles Bishop
Wednesday, November 03, 2010 2:00 PM
I am assuming by splashing during metallization you are referring to spitting from the evaporation source where you can see an incandescent spark of material fly from the deposition source to the substrate where it can damage the substrate as well as cause a pinhole in the coating.

Generally spitting is caused by a thick oxide layer on the wire, residual contamination such as oil on the wire or an accumulation of crud from impurities forming on the molten pool of aluminium. This crud build-up will be larger if the oxide on the wire is thick, the wire thin and hence the proportion of oxide thicker or residual contamination of the wire greater than normal.

The spitting occurs when the molten pool size changes such as when there is an increase in power or a change in the wire feed. The molten pool as it changes shape will move the crud over a hot bit of boat surface or if contracting leave some crud behind on the boat surface. Any pits that become over heated can be ejected and these are what are seen as spits and if the temperature is high enough they can be incandescent and appear as a spark of material. If the thermal mass of the spit is large the material can burn a hole through the polymer substrate, the worst case, or simply deposit onto the polymer surface as a pinhole in the coating or even bounce off the substrate and only leave behind a small pinhole defect.

It is good practice to buy good quality freshly cleaned aluminium wire and to try to keep the power and wire feed as constant as possible throughout the metallization process to minimise any change in shape of the molten pool. This can depend on what type of thickness measurement is used, the sensitivity and what type of feedback, if any, is used for the process control.

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Blogmaster

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Dr. Charles A. Bishop

Charles is a toolmaker by trade after completing a mechanical engineering apprenticeship. He then entered University and obtained a Bachelors degree in materials engineering with a Diploma in Industrial Studies. During his final year he first started work on vacuum based research, helping develop a process for manufacturing titanium based bone implants for tendon location. He went on to obtain a Masters degree and Doctorate following further research into vacuum deposition processes. During this time and as a postgraduate he also worked as a consultant.

Charles next spent time in industry working for various divisions of ICI including polyesters, nylon, Imagedata, Flex Products Inc., and explosives as well as contributing to other projects. In 1998 he took the opportunity to return to consultancy work and set up his own company.

Charles has more than 30 years experience in vacuum deposition mainly onto flexible webs. He has regularly contributed papers to conferences and recently has edited this blog on behalf of AIMCAL as well as being one of their presenters for various webinars and the more formal Converting School courses.

Charles has also published 2 books, Vacuum deposition onto webs, films and foils and Roll-to-roll vacuum deposition of barrier coatings.